In addition to BMPs, GREM1 has been reported to bind to other soluble proteins and interact with several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) supporting angiogenesis and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (Mitola et al. 2010; Park et al. 2020) and most recently fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1) (Cheng et al. 2022) promoting cancer progression (Fig. 1A). This evidence concerns the gene GREM1 and cancer.