AML5 displayed upregulation of several genes related to encoding immunoglobulins (IGKC, IGHA1, ERAP2, and IGLC2, Supplementary Fig. 8) that participate in indirect cytotoxicity by recognising IgG antibodies attached to target cells, which is a key mechanism of action for various clinically successful anti-tumor therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) [42]. Here, IGKC is linked to neoplasm.