In addition to transcription factors, in AML samples, we identified the upregulation of genes that were reported to accelerate leukaemogenesis, including S100A8, S100A9, and RPS26 [26, 27], and the downregulation of genes related to cancer control and defence, such as XIST, GIMAP7, NKG7, and GNLY (Supplementary Fig. 7). Here, S100A9 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.