Different from other AML samples, AML1 (a high risk AML patient in immune-recovery state after chemotherapy) upregulated in ten transcription factors, including EGR1 (a zinc finger protein that is associated with AML progression [52]), and leukaemia transcriptional regulators SMAD1 and ERF (Fig. 6b). The gene discussed is SMAD1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.