Indeed, IL-18 release during ΔyopEHK Yptb infection was substantially elevated compared to ΔyopEH Yptb, and fully recapitulated levels of IL-18 release were observed during Δ6 Yptb infection (Fig. 4B), indicating that YopE, YopH, and YopK function together to enable Yptb evasion of inflammasome activation during infection. The gene discussed is IL18; the disease is infection.