It has already been established that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 induces Rho-kinase-mediated endothelial dysfunction in the vasculature,63 presumably partially because of an increase in ROS generation by NADPH oxidase activation.64 Thus, the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 restored acetylcholine relaxation similarly to what we observed with the fiber treatments, which suggest that the IL-17-Rho-kinase-pathway is highly regulated by gut microbiota in our genetic SLE model. The gene discussed is FMO5; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.