Likewise, the vasoactive markers Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and prorenin are elevated in both early and late pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes who develop preeclampsia compared with that in women who do not develop preeclampsia (37, 38) Pre-pregnancy vascular dysfunction and systemic maternal endothelial dysfunction thus seem to render women with diabetes more susceptible to developing preeclampsia, even in case of normal placentation (3, 6–8, 15, 39, 40). Here, NPPA is linked to preeclampsia.