PAX8 and insomnia measurement: MMWA increased the expression of miR-101a which inhibited PAX8 expression in the hippocampus of a rat model of insomnia The levels of 5-HT, Acetylcholine (ACh), and GABA increased and those of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and glutamate (Glu) decreased in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and prefrontal cortex (Bo et al., 2017).