CXCL12 and Stroke: In physioxic cultures, enhanced expression and secretion of VEGF was detected, the key mediator of angiogenesis and neuroprotective agent in stroke [76], and enhanced expression of SDF1, an important regulator of angiogenesis that attracts cells expressing CXCR4 such as neuroblasts and endogenous MSCs to migrate to the area [77], consistent with the literature [22, 30, 72, 78–81].