TAFs stimulate tumor cell proliferation and contribute to deposition of ECM components (e.g., collagen and fibronectin) and secretion of tumor-associated proteins and growth factors (e.g., transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs)). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.