In HCC, ADAR1-mediated A-to-I mRNA editing on antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1) led to a serine-to-glycine substitution in AZIN1 that induced a cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation and neutralized antizyme-mediated degradation of cyclin D1 (CCND1) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), eventually promoting tumorigenesis and aggressive behavior (Fig. 3e) [251]. Here, AZIN1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.