In ESCC cell lines, ADAR2 induced apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth by editing the mRNAs of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), Filamin B (FLNB) and AZIN1 [270, 271], whereas its editing activity on the mRNA of the membrane transporter solute carrier family 22 member A3 (SLC22A3) drove early tumor invasion and metastasis of familial esophageal cancer in high-risk individuals [272]. Here, IGFBP7 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.