Interestingly, CIN- and STING-dependent ligands that measurably impacted recipient cells in the TME were associated with an unfolded protein response (UPR) to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, in addition to canonical pathways associated with CIN such as NF-κB and IL6-Jak-Stat3 signalling2,31, whereas effectual ligands emanating from CINlow or Sting1-depleted CINhigh tumour cells were associated with IFN responses (Fig. 4b–d). This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.