STAT3 and colonic neoplasm: F. nucleatum subspecies animalis can induce CCL20, a chemokine that plays a role in recruitment of Th17, regulatory T-cells, and dendritic cells22, while Enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF) toxin is associated with murine colon tumor formation, through activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) with Th17 responses, also involving IL-17 and IL-2323.