During the last fifteen years, non-infectious immune-mediated causes of encephalitis have also been recognised with increasing frequency, especially associated with antibodies against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI-1) protein which is part of the voltage gated potassium channel complex and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) [6–9]. The gene discussed is GAD1; the disease is viral encephalitis.