In our study, the patients had been diagnosed with T1D for an average of 20 years and had nongoal glycemic control with MDI despite having complete diabetes training, including the techniques for applying and self-titrating insulin, carbohydrate counting, managing hypoglycemia, and using second-generation insulin analogues, as recommended by T1D International and local management guidelines [27-29]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.