TGFB1 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: As mentioned in the introduction, several studies have investigated germline polymorphisms in cytokine genes such as the association of TNF and IL-10 genotypes with adverse outcomes in solid and lymphoid malignancies [2] or gene polymorphisms in IL-10 and TGF-β genes having an impact on allele frequency, risk group and prognosis in ALL [3].