CD4 and infection: A few studies have reported that anti-Tat immunization during infection or cART may inhibit potential HIV reactivation, thereby reducing persistent low-level viremia and T cell activation and promoting CD4+ T cell recovery, with positive effects on the long-term kinetics of immune reconstitution in individuals on long-term cART therapy (Sgadari et al., 2019; Tripiciano et al., 2021).