In addition, increased adiponectin and decreased leptin have been observed after a short term high-intensity interval cycling training in young female (mean age 21.7 years) (Vardar et al., 2018) and aged adults (mean age 61 years, 21% male) affected by obesity (Heiston et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.