Zhong et al. evaluated the therapeutic effect of resveratrol in reducing the occurrence of AF in a heart failure model and explored the underlying mechanisms, finding that myocardial fibrosis was significantly reduced in the resveratrol group, ion channels including Kv1.4, Kv1.5, KvLQT1, Kir2.1, and Nav1.5 were significantly upregulated, and PI3K, AKT, and eNOS mRNA and protein expression were also significantly enhanced (84). This evidence concerns the gene KCNQ1 and Myocardial fibrosis.