VCAM1 and atrial fibrillation: Some scholars have explored this, they found that Dingji Fumai Decoction significantly increased the level of SIRT1 and decreased the level of ACE, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and IL-6 in mouse cardiomyocytes, suggesting that the anti-AF effect of Dingji Fumai Decoction can be achieved by regulating cardiac oxidative stress and reducing inflammation (47).