A transcriptome analysis of the prefrontal cortex of AD patients revealed that UPRmt-related genes (HSPA9, HSP60, and YMEL1L) were upregulated, while genetic or chemical inhibition of HSPA9 strongly induced mitochondrial fragmentation and synergistically increased Aβ-mediated cytotoxicity as well as mitochondrial dysfunction.208 UPRmt is a conserved mitochondrial stress response signature in diseases involving Aβ proteotoxicity in both humans and mice.209. The gene discussed is HSPA9; the disease is Alzheimer disease.