Considering the consistent expression of BATFs and SI-specific AMPs during the fetal development and the progression of CD, the proposed BATFs-AMPs axis may be involved in the establishment of antimicrobial barriers of fetal gut and the defects in antibacterial ability of multiple lineages during CD, which needs to be further confirmed by models of epithelial-specific knockout of BATFs in the future. This evidence concerns the gene ADSL and Cowden disease.