To determine whether dysregulated signaling pathways may contribute to the differences in soluble mediators, we stimulated whole blood from controls, SLE INACT, and SLE ACT patients with vehicle, R848/CpG/LPS (TLR7/8/9/4), PHA (T cell activation), or PMA/ionomycin (T cell activation) for 24 hours; collected supernatants; and then measured the levels of 39 soluble mediators (Figure 1, A and B, and Supplemental Figure 41). Here, TLR7 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.