Early work concentrating on the role of NOTCH1 in cholangiocarcinoma demonstrated its role in the proliferation and migration of cholangiocarcinoma cells (Zender et al., 2013; Zhou et al., 2013), and in mediating their chemosensitivity through the regulation of chemoefflux transporters (Wu et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene NOTCH1 and cholangiocarcinoma.