Indeed, precision medicine approaches in cholangiocarcinoma have rapidly expanded in recent years, and pharmacological targeting of FGFR2 fusions (Goyal et al., 2023), IDH1 neomorphic mutants (Zhu et al., 2021), and mutations in kinases including BRAF, HER2 (ERBB2) and NTRK (Doebele et al., 2020; Javle et al., 2021; Subbiah et al., 2020) have shown clinical promise. This evidence concerns the gene ERBB2 and cholangiocarcinoma.