Factors measured at ICU admission associated with increased short-term mortality in PWH include older age, a higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, a CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/μl, newly diagnosed HIV-1 infection, lack of receipt of ART, respiratory failure, renal failure and the need for mechanical ventilation [1–8,12–23]. Here, CD4 is linked to respiratory failure.