Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) derived from patients with COPD were found to exhibit changes in key regulators of ferroptosis, including glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), thereby suggesting that ferroptosis participates in the progression of COPD [12]. Here, PTGS2 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.