The exosomal miR-23a-PTEN-AKT pathway could suppress T-cell function via an endoplasmic reticulum stress response in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) by releasing exosomal miR-23a-3p and upregulating PD-L1 expression in macrophages, according to Liu et al. [53]. Here, CD274 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.