CAV1 and diabetes mellitus: We have recently confirmed that DM patients have higher levels of Caveolin-1, a major membrane-bound scaffolding protein of the caveolae, in their vascular endothelium than patients without DM, and that a high blood glucose level increases Caveolin-1-mediated LDL uptake by ECs and transcytosis across the endothelium (Frank et al. 2004; Bai et al. 2020a, 2020b).