This response can be driven by monocyte-derived IL-1β (the receptors of which are upregulated in the dKO CD8+ population; Fig. 2g), IL-6 and IL-23 (which signal though the upregulated JAK–STAT pathway)38 (Fig. 2f), and is associated with impaired anti-tumour activity39–41. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.