PDCD1LG2 and cancer: Evaluating the subcellular localization of PD-L1 is particularly important, as its expression on the cell surface may be blocked by anti-PD-L1 antibodies to improve the outcome of anti-cancer treatments, whereas its nuclear localization may promote transcription [1] and increase the expression of molecules that further induce immune suppression, such as PD-L2 [5].