These modeling variables were still mainly based on past identified risk factors (race, age, gender, education level, vascular risk factor, stroke severity, and stroke lesion site and volume) (46), and very few or no newly identified risk factors were used for modeling, such as blood proteins [homocysteine (Hcy), C-reactive protein (CRP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC)] that have been recognized as effective biomarkers for PSCI (47), cognitive reserve (CR) (48), activity and participation of stroke survivors (49), and intestinal dysbiosis (50). Here, CRP is linked to Stroke.