VEGFA and hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism also leads to an increase in peripheral vascular resistance [15], vasoconstriction in the renal vessels [16], a decrease in the renal response to vasodilators, and a decrease in the expression of renal vasodilators [17] such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [18].