Other B cells with tumor-promoting effects are defined as Bregs, upregulate PD-L1, CTLA-4 and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β, attenuating the response of T and NK cells while facilitating the activation of Tregs, MDSCs, and TAMs (56). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.