CD8A and HIV-1 infection: infantum were older (p = 0.0430), presented lower baseline CD4+ T cell counts (p = 0.0208) and lower CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios (p = 0.0282), as well as a tendency towards higher HIV-1 viral load levels (p = 0.1268) suggestive of an advanced stage of HIV-1 infection than individuals without L. infantum antibodies (Table 1).