TNF and multiple sclerosis: Again, CXCL10 and STAT1 were shared among the two disease signatures (Figure 6B), and enriched gene sets included type I IFN signaling (genes upregulated by IFN-beta treatment of multiple sclerosis patients in vivo and by IFN-alpha treatment of fibroblasts in vitro) and immune activation (inflammatory response to LPS, TNF signaling).