FAS and coinfection: In a submitted manuscript (Khouri et al.), we demonstrated an increase in both systemic soluble Fas as well as membrane-bound Fas/CD95+ expression in CD8+ cells in HIV/VL co-infection, as compared to HIV-1 or VL mono-infected groups, in a large cohort of individuals recruited during an outbreak of VL in Piaui, another state in the same northeast region of Brazil.