AKT1 and Hyperglycemia: In this study, GPS treatment was shown to increase the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-FOXO1 at protein level, and also to inhibit the expression of PEPCK and G6Pase at protein level in the liver of diabetic mice, indicating that GPS treatment may be a viable manner of improving IR and hyperglycemia by regulating the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway to inhibit gluconeogenesis.