Two caveats prevent 100% confidence for exclusion: (a) there are some rare cases of VWD, notably 2M VWD, that can only be identified by performing VWF:CB assays, and so if only a 3-test panel is performed, these cases will be missed [32,33]; (b) VWF is an acute phase protein, which increases following exercise, anxiety, infection, and during pregnancy. The gene discussed is VWF; the disease is infection.