Under hypoxic conditions, anemia, a crucial sign of the body’s ability to transport oxygen (11), promotes the production of inflammatory mediators and angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin (EPO) (26–28), which enhances retinal capillary permeability and promotes the formation of DR (13). This evidence concerns the gene EPO and anemia (phenotype).