ACE and hypertensive disorder: In the U.S., the annual healthcare spending related to hypertension was found to be $131 billion when averaged over 12 years, from 2003 to 2012.6 It is estimated that individuals with hypertension have annual healthcare costs of $2000, which is greater than their counterparts.6 Effective medication treatment to lower blood pressure, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), diuretics, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) have existed for several decades.