A study that retrospectively examined patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who received nivolumab as the first-line therapy and an anti-PD-1 antibody as the second-line therapy and beyond, found that efficacy was significantly greater in patients who received nivolumab, the first-line therapy, for 3 months or longer [80]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.