Other pathogens associated with cystic fibrosis, such as Burkholderia cenocepacia, accumulate the autophagy marker LC3B early after phagocytosis.36 In contrast with THP-1 macrophages infected with B. cenocepacia, which were used as control to show the presence of LC3B associated with the bacteria-containing vacuole at 3 h p.i., the AcV was not associated with LC3B (Figure 3B), indicating that the AcV is not an autophagic vacuole. The gene discussed is MAP1LC3B; the disease is cystic fibrosis.