Although T-cell associated therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4), have shown promise in treating extracerebral tumors6, the weak lymphocyte responsiveness of GBM’s TME limits their efficacy in GBM immunotherapy7–9. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is glioblastoma.