For example, human butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A1 (BTN3A1), which is structurally related to the B7 costimulatory molecule, induces autophagy by promoting ULK1 phosphorylation at Ser555 and confers radioresistance to ESCC, suggesting that BTN3A1 may be a new therapeutic target [50]. This evidence concerns the gene ULK1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.