TAAR1 and neoplasm: Thymosin alpha-1 (Tα1) is an immunomodulator capable of suppressing many tumor-associated immunosuppression by increasing NK cell and dendritic cell activity, shifting Tregs to Th1 cells subsets, inducing the release of Th1-type cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-α; and upregulating MHC I antigen expression in normal and transformed cells, activating cytotoxic T-cells mediated innate and acquired immune responses.