VEGFA and eye disorder: Several proposed mechanisms for anti-VEGF resistance in neovascular eye disease include: (1) enhanced protection by pericytes in vessel stabilization to alleviate exogenous VEGF dependence [68], (2) exacerbated inflammation and infiltration of microglia/macrophages [69], (3) increased neovascular fibrosis, which acts as a resorption barrier [70], (4) remnant empty sleeves of vascular basement membrane [71], and (5) endothelial cell adaptation to activate alternative angiogenic signaling besides the VEGF axis [72].