The authors reported that infection of HCT116 cells with F. nucleatum activated the Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4)/ myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88)/NFκB signalling pathway, thereby increasing the expression of microRNA (miRNA) 21 (miR21) and promoting the malignant phenotype of colon cancer cells [145]. Here, TLR4 is linked to malignant colon neoplasm.