SHH and familial pancreatic carcinoma: Overall 5-year survival of pancreatic cancer is below 10%.288 Shh is aberrantly expressed in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and HH signaling remains active in cell lines established from primary and metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinomas.289 High expression of Shh and Gli1 was an independent prognostic factor for worse survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).290 Moreover, pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts show overexpression of Smo that lead to activation of HH signaling pathway.291