GLI1 and cancer: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a common malignant brain tumor and account for 23% of all gliomas.233 Given to characteristics of high invasiveness and drug resistance, GBM is a neoplasm with a dismal prognosis and an effective practical therapeutic approach remains under investigation.234 Researchers have founded that HH signaling pathway is activated in human glioma cell lines, but not in cultured human astrocytes.235 HH/Gli1 pathway affects the growth of glioma and glioma stem cells are thought to be generated by the population of Gli positive neural stem cells.