To confirm the anti-proliferative effect of ASM and ASU on a molecular level, protein lysates from Capan-2-treated cells were immunoblotted with an anti-Ki67 antibody, which is a widely used biomarker that reflects the cell proliferation state and indicates the prognosis for many cancers, including pancreatic cancer (Lee et al., 2013). Here, MKI67 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.