A significant association (OR, 11.77, 95% CI, 3.219–36.20, P 0.0001) of TP53 p.R249M with smoking was observed but no association for the TP53 p.R249S mutation in HBV-induced HCC (Table 5), and therefore cessation of smoking may be advised for CHB patients to avoid added risk exposure. This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and hepatocellular carcinoma.