GFAP and Behcet disease: For instance, studies found increased IL-1 beta in cerebrospinal fluid from individuals with BD and, in postmortem studies, higher levels of nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), IL-1 receptor, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and mRNA levels of IL-1 beta in the brains of individuals with BD compared to healthy volunteers (Rao et al., 2010).