The significant efficacy of PD-L1 blockers in cancer immunotherapy was expected to control cancer by regulating the expression of PD-L1 [91, 92], which has been shown to have a potential predictive effect in melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, or colorectal cancer [93, 94]. Here, CD274 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.