ASCL2 and neoplasm: Simultaneously, when human CAFs seeded on the top of Matrigel containing 3D tumor spheres, activated CD8+ T cells were intercepted by the CAFs barrier which had a potential immunosuppressive effect, and resulted in an obviously reductive CD8+ T cell migration, even when CAFs were co-cultured with ASCL2-downregulated 3D tumor spheroid (Fig. 6G).