In contrast to the data in younger patients, NPM1 mutation was not associated with a favorable prognosis (Fig. 4C, Supplementary Fig. S8), which in part may be related to a different co-mutation pattern found in older AML patients, e.g., almost half of NPM1-mutated AML (45%) had co-occurring myelodysplasia-related gene mutations, most frequently in SRSF2 and ASXL1 (Supplementary Fig. S11). Here, NPM1 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.