In line with this, previous studies have identified female KD genes such as FN1 to be modulated by KLF4,17 which is the main transcription factor modulating synthetic SMCs, which represents an intermediate state that precedes the myofibroblast phenotype in several models.49 Our results further prove the importance of SMC plasticity in female atherosclerosis. This evidence concerns the gene KLF4 and atherosclerosis.