The production of BCSCs and bladder cancer resistance and recurrence may involve alterations in multiple signaling pathways, such as the KMT1A-GATA3-STAT3 pathway, Hedgehog pathway, Notch pathway, Wnt pathway, JAK-STAT pathway, COX2/PGE2 pathway, YAP1 pathway, and miR34a/GOLPH3 pathway, and may play a key role in maintaining the properties of BCSCs, thus promoting bladder cancer drug resistance and recurrence [23,24,25]. This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and urinary bladder carcinoma.